The main goal of this project was to create an adaptive management plan for invasive Phragmites control that applies specific treatment techniques and time intervals (e.g., herbicide and cutting/burning schedule, and riparian buffering) based upon specific site conditions. We did this by integrating local and regional knowledge, high-resolution maps from remote sensing data, and modeling of nitrogen (N) loading and hydrological connectivity to identify the best Phragmites treatment and monitoring strategies. The outputs of this grant are products of multi-disciplinary integrative efforts between four universities (U Michigan, MSU, Texas A&M, and U Northern Iowa), USFWS, MDNR and the SB-CISMA.