After more than 40 years of history researching and managing Phragmites in the US, there are many anecdotes and local preferences on management techniques. Some management actions are impacted by local culture or legislation (e.g. aversion toward herbicides in some regions and relaxed regulations in others). As land managers, restoration practitioners, and researchers, we are more likely to achieve our objectives with a broad selection of tools, and knowledge of the situations where certain techniques might fare better than others. Eric L. G. Hazelton, Karin M. Kettenring, Dennis F. Whigham, and Thomas J. Mozdzer reviewed all of the available literature on Phragmites management in the US, from both the scientific and grey literature. The literature has a strong emphasis on herbicide treatment for Phragmites management, whether alone, or in combination with other techniques. More research on alternate methods could benefit both private landowners and managers in areas that are sensitive to herbicide use (e.g., due to presence of rare vegetation, cultural aversion, etc.). Very few studies looked at the plant assemblages that returned after Phragmites was removed. Most studies only report the impact of management efforts on the invader, or some type of functional response (changes in native plant cover, species diversity) even though the trajectory of vegetation change is crucial to restore plant communities that are resistant to future invasion. This review is presented in the context of a conceptual model of a Phragmites invasion that depicts the role of nutrients and disturbance on Phragmites’ sexual reproduction and spread. The model helps build recommendations on how to make wetlands less invasible. Additionally, Eric will discuss recent results from several studies on Chesapeake Bay that focus on prioritizing when and where to manage Phragmites. More holistic management regimes that involve improving water quality, decreasing disturbance, and revegetation will have the greatest likelihood of recovery from invasion. The aim of this literature review and field research is to enable managers to prioritize their management actions to areas where they are most likely to achieve management objectives.